Lobito
—  Municipality and city  —
Lobito Location in Angola
Coordinates: 12°22′S 13°32′E / 12.367°S 13.533°E / -12.367; 13.533Coordinates: 12°22′S 13°32′E / 12.367°S 13.533°E / -12.367; 13.533
Country	Angola
Province	Benguela Province
Elevation	456 ft (139 m)
Population (2005)
• Total	207,957
Time zone	WAT (UTC+1)

Lobito is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.^[1]

It dates from 1905 and owes its existence to the bay of the same name having been chosen as the sea terminus of the Benguela railway to the far interior, passing through Luau to Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The population is about 207,957 (2005).

History[link]

Portuguese rule[link]

Lobito, was built on a sandspit and reclaimed land, with one of Africa’s finest natural harbours, protected by a 5 km long sandspit. The old council (concelho) was created in 1843 by the Portuguese administration. The town was also founded in 1843 by order of Maria II of Portugal, and its harbour works were begun in 1903. Large developments, however, were not stimulated until the completion in 1928 of the important Benguela Railway, which connected Portuguese Angola with the Belgian Congo. Under Portuguese rule, the port was one of Angola’s busiest, exporting agricultural produce from the interior and handling transit trade from the mines of southeastern Belgian Congo and of Zambia. Fishing, tourism and services were also important. The carnival in Lobito was also one of the most renowned and popular in Portuguese Angola.^[2]

After independence from Portugal[link]

After the April 25, 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, Angola was offered independence. Lobito’s port activities were highly limited by disruptions to railway transit and high insecurity during the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002). With peace and stability, in the 2000s the Lobito started a process of reconstruction and resumed its path to development.

Climate[link]

References[link]

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José Agustín Goytisolo Gay, (Barcelona, 13 April 1928 – 19 March 1999), was a Spanish poet, scholar and essayist. He was the brother of Juan Goytisolo and Luis Goytisolo, also writers.

Biography[link]

Born in Barcelona on 13 April 1928, in a bourgeois Spanish-only speaking family (that is, not Catalan-speaking), his family was brutally shaken by the death of his mother (Julia Gay) in a francoist bombardment in 1938. José Agustín was specially effected, and named his daughter after his lost mother. In Words for Julia, one of his best-known poems (sung by Paco Ibáñez and Los Suaves, among others), he joins the love for both women. In 1993, in the Elegies to Julia Gray, he united all his mother-themed poems. He also deals with his feelings toward his mother in his later books The return (1955) and End of a goodbye (1984).

He started studying Law in the University of Barcelona, and ended his studies in Madrid. He was a member of the so-called "Generation of the 50s", along with writers such as Ángel González, José Manuel Caballero, José Ángel Valente and Jaime Gil de Biedma. They shared a moral or politic commitment and a renewed attention to the lyrics and the language.^[1]

According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Goytisolo's poetry was not just an ideological substitute for the capitalism of Franco's regime, but aspired to build a new humanism:

Tu destino está en los demás

tu futuro es tu propia vida

tu dignidad es la de todos

Your destiny is in the others

your future is your own life

your dignity is that of all of us

Works[link]

• El retorno 1955
• Salmos al viento 1956
• Claridad 1959
• Años decisivos 1961
• Algo sucede 1968
• Bajo tolerancia 1973
• Taller de Arquitectura 1976
• Del tiempo y del olvido 1977
• Palabras para Julia 1979
• Los pasos del cazador 1980
• A veces gran amor 1981
• Sobre las circunstancias 1983
• Final de un adiós 1984
• Como los trenes de la noche 1994
• Cuadernos de El Escorial 1995
• Elegías a Julia Gay 1993

Antologies[link]

• Poetas catalanes contemporáneos 1968
• Poesía cubana de la Revolución 1970
• Antología de José Lezama Lima
• Antología de Jorge Luis Borges
• Los poemas son mi orgullo, poetic antology. Edition by Carme Riera (Lumen publishing, 2003)

Translations[link]

He was involved in important translations from Italian and Catalan to Spanish. The translated, among others, works by Cesare Pavese, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Salvador Espriu and Pere Quart.

Prizes[link]

• Premio Adonais (1954)
• Premio Boscán (1956)
• Premio Ausias March (1959)

References[link]

1. ^ Generación del 50 en portal de poesía Versoados (es)

Sources[link]

• Find A Grave

José Agustín Ramírez Gómez (born August 19, 1944, Acapulco) is a Mexican novelist.^[1]

Career[link]

Agustin's first novel, La Tumba (The Tomb) was the brief but provocative story of a Mexican upperclass teen, deemed indecent by the public but gathering praise from older writers. This and his most famous work, De Perfil (Profile view), a fast and detailed view of three days in the main character's life, show stylistic similarities to James Joyce's work, especially A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

He was considered a member of the so-called Onda literature, onda (wave) being slang for current and fashionable views in the eyes of young people.

A common technique in his work is mixing character's speech with narrative, without making any kind of distinction,(free indirect discourse). Thus the reader finds a long dialogue written in a single sentence,and is expected to realize which character is speaking as he reads the words. He also makes use of the stream of consciousness technique.^[2]

Awards[link]

• 1977 Guggenheim Fellowship ^[3]

Bibliography[link]

Novels[link]

• La Tumba (1964)
• De Perfil (1966)
• Abolición de la propiedad (1966)
• Inventando que sueño (1968)
• El rey se acerca a su templo (1977)
• Ciudades Desiertas (1982)
• Dos horas de sol
• La panza del Tepozteco
• Se esta haciendo tarde
• El rey se acerca a su templo
• Vida con mi viuda (2004)
• Armablanca (2006)

Plays[link]

• Círculo vicioso (1974)

Others[link]

• El Año de la Peste (Film,writing 1978)
• Ahi viene la plaga
• Amor del bueno
• Camas de campo
• Cerca del fuego
• Contra la corriente
• La Contracultura en Mexico
• Inventando que sueño
• Inventando que sueño: Cuentos completos 1968-1992
• Luz externa
• Luz interna
• La miel derramada
• No hay censura
• No pases esta puerta

• El rock de la carcel

• Tragicomedia Mexicana: La vida en Mexico de 1940 a 1970. Tomo 1
• Tragicomedia Mexicana: La vida en Mexico de 1970 a 1982. Tomo 2
• Tragicomedia Mexicana: La vida en Mexico de 1982 a 1994. Tomo 3

References[link]